Fluid-fuel burner



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

FH U. 1M

, PatennedAug. 13, 1895.

jR. H.SARGUNT.

FLUID FUEL BURNER.

Il!! lili; Iii;

(No Model.)

No Mod-e3.)

- FLUID FUEL BURNER.

Patented Aug. 13, 1895.

No. 544,646k

' ville, in' the county of Crawford and State of UNiTnD STATES PATENT OFFICE..

RANSOM H. SARGENT, OF TITUSVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA.

FLUID-FU EL BU RN ER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 544,646, dated August 13, 1895.

Y 'y Application filed January 17, 1894. Serial-No. 497,162- (No model) To a/Zl'/ ivhom it may concern:

. e Be it known that I, RANsoM H. SARGENT, a citizen of 'the United States, residing at Titus- Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Fluid-Fuel Burner, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a Huid-fuel burner designed for use in -connection with furnaces and ovens of various types requiring an intense heat,'the"object of the invention being to provide an improved burner which is so ,constructed as to produce a perfect combus-v sufvtion of the fuel at the outlet of the burner', whereby the fuel is not projected into the furnace in an unconsumed state to be subsey.quently ignited, thereby to a certain extentl reducing the temperature of the furnace; furthermore, to provide means for utilizing a combustion-supportersuch as steam, compressed air, or equivalent fluid-such combustion-supporter being superheated and its constituent gases separated before reachingthe point of mixture with the fuel; furthermore, to provide improved means whereby the introduction of the combustion-supporter into the mixing-chamber of the burner is utilized `to induct the fuel from the tank or reservoir` whereby thel latter may be arranged below the level of the burner to avoid the use of a gravity-feed, which is objectionable by reason of the tendency to overflow or '-lood, and because of the liability of the'column of fuel, acting as a conductor, to convey the name .to the tank or reservoir; and furthermore," to provide means for Vmechanically atomizing and thoroughly commingling the gases at the point of ignition, to provide means for deflecting the column of flame as it escapes from the burner, in order that it may be projected against the desired part of the surface of a boiler or other object to be heated, and to so combine the parts of the device as to form a with my invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal central section of the same, showing the atomizer andnozzle in elevation. Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view of the pyramidal body portion of the burner upon the plane indicated by the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a'detail v view of the atomizer. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the burner as arranged when air under a low pressure is employed as the combustion-supporter. Fig. Gis a sectional view of the same taken centrally. Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures of the drawings.`

1 designates a hollow pyramidal body p0rtion, the cavity 2 of which forms a mixingchamber which is tapered in section toward its outlet end, the inlet end ofsuch body portion being covered by a flanged plate 3, provided with perfort'ions 4, through which extend tubular studs 5, engaged upon the outer surface of the plate bythe caps 6. Passages 7 are formed in the walls of the mixing-chamber at the angles thereof and are connected at the inlet end thereof by vertical passages 8 and at the outlet end thereof by horizontal passages 9, whereby a continuous duct or passage is provided and is exposed upon opposite sides to theheat within the chamber and the -heat of the furnace. The body portion is preferably cast, and hence vents at the terminals of the passages are necessarily formed,

and into these vents areiitted the tubular studs 5, which at the outer end of the casting serve as means for securing the plate iu position. The ends of the transverse passage 9 at the o u'tletv end of the casting `are Iitted with couplings 10, which; are connected by a transverse pipe or conductor 11, formed in sections with its contiguous i ner ends fitted in openings 12, which are providedin the sides of the adjustable deflector'l. This deilector at its lower or pivoted endis hollow, as shown clearly in Fig. 2, su'ch cavity 4 being thus connected with the continuous passage in the walls of the mixing-chamber.

15 represents a'steam-su-pply pipe, which is approximately at the center of the cap-plata,

ICO

` extends a short distance through the inletpipe 1G and is provided with aconically-re.- cessed receiving end, into which the tapered terminal of the nozzle projects. The tip oi the nozzle is out of contact with the Walls of the conical month 22 to form an ann ular passage 23, whereby communication is established between the induction-chamber and the combining-tube. The conveyor' 19 eommunicates with the outlet end of the passage in the walls of the combustion chamber, whereby steam or compressed air, which is admitted to the passage through the inletpipe 15, after passing through thc length oi. such passage, will be conveyed to the inte, rior of the combining-tube, 4and 'heiner projected longitudinally into the same will produce a vacuum in the iinduction-chamber and thus ind uct the fuel from the supply-pipe and impel the same through the combining-tube to the interior ol.' the mixing-chamber.

2t represents a rotary atornizer, consisting; of a spindle 25, the terminals ofV which are mounted in bearings 2U in the walls ot the mixing-chamber at its outlet end, and wings 27 carried bysuch spindle and adapted to receive the pressure and impulse of the steam or 'compressed air to canse rotation.

This being, in general terms, the construction of my improved burner, the operation thereof is as follows: The steam or con'lpressed air is introduced by the inlet-pipe l5 to the passage formed in the walls of the miningchamber, where it is subjected enteriorly to tho heat of the'furnace and interiorly tothe heat within the mixing-chamber, and is thus 'super-heated and decomposed into its constituont gases. This fluid or gas'is thence die charged into the combining-tube, thus ,producing a partial vacuum, drawing the foei. into the said tube, and then forcingit into the inming-chamber, where it becomes mined with the gases. Ignition takes place at or near the outlet end of the combustion-chamber, as between the atomizer and the deiiector,the force of the steam or compressed air causingl a rapid rotation of the atomizer, and thus atomizing and thoroughiy commingling the gases andinsnring perfect combustion. It will he understood that the Contact ofthe supcrhcated and decomposed steam or air with the fuel vaporizes the latter, and thus adds to the effectiveness of the burner and the intensity of the heat produced thereby. The deilcctor is capable, as will be understood from the foregoingr description, of angular nett-,ees

adjustment to project the flame as it issues from the burner upon any desired part of the object to be heated, or 'may be thrown down to i'oim no obstruction to the direct issue of the flame. It will be understood that While the burner is illustrated and described as being in a horizontal position, it may be arranged upright or in an inclined position, as may be required by the nature of the work to be performed.

The object in arranging the atomizer adjacent to and substantially in the outlet openingr of the combustionchamber is to break up the oil and thoroughly mix it in the form of spray with the combustion-supporting agent, Whether air or steer" immediately prior to the combustion of the fuel. lVhen gaseous fuel is employed in a device of this class the intermingling ot' the fuel with the supporting agent may be accomplished ata considerable distance from the point of ignition, and the two elements will remain commingled until combustion occurs; but when a liquid fuel is employed, as in the present case, it'is ob `rioiisftluit. it mixing;r is accomplished before the fuel reaches the point of ignition the liquid will separate partially or wholly from the supporting agent and fall to the bottom or adhere to the sides of the chamber in which it is liberated. Therefore it is necessary in the use ot liquid fuels to arrange the mixing' devices., or accomplish the commingling ci the inel and supporting agent, precisely at the point of ignition.

la the above-described construction the spindle of the atomizer is arranged directly contiguous to the outletv end ot' the chamber 2, the inletpipc 1G being extended to a point sufficiently near the atomizer to cause the force ci the steam or compressed air to rotate theatomizer. A thorough mixing of the fuel and uipportint,r agent; occurs approximately IOC in the outlet end ot' said chamber, the liquid heini.,Y orolren up or sprayed by the wings of theatomzer. At this point ignition takes place and the column of` burning `tucl is thrown. against the surface of the dclicctor and therehystill further agitated in order to produce a complete combustion bet'ore the fuel can lbecome separated from the supportinp; agent. it is obvious that the detiector will be superhoated during the operation of the burner and that the atomizer will be in a similar condition, owingJ to the tact that combastion of the fuel takes place between seid parte, and therefore the deposit of the fuel upon either the deflector or the atomizer it prevented.

As above described, the burner is designed for use when steam or air under pressure can be supplied; but when this is not practicable a slightly different disposition of the parts, as illustrated in Figs. 5 and o', is necessary. ln this case an air-supply pipe :2S of large diametor, is connected centrally to cap-plate the at the inlet end of the burner to convey air ata low pressure toA the `interior of the mixing-chamber, and a fu el-supplypipe 29is connected to one of the bearings of the rotary atomizer in position to allow the fuel to flow downwardly over the blades of the atomizer, and thus bythe rotation thereof mix the fuel and the air at the point of ignition, the atomizer being rotated by the force of the current of air, as described inconnection with the other arrangement of the device.

It will be understood that in practice variou's changes in the form, proportion, and the.

minor details of construction may beV resorted to without departing from the spiritl or sacrificingany of the advantages of this invention.

Having thus described my invention, I claim l1.*The combination of a mixing-chamber having cored walls, a tubular conductor communicatin g with the mixing-chamber. and arranged in alignment with its axis, an induction-chamber communicating with the end of the conductor and attached to a fuel-supply pipe, a combiningv tube varranged concentrically in the outer end of the conductor and having a flared end arranged within the induction chamber, a nozzle arranged axially in the induction chamber and having a reduced outlet projecting into the flared mouth of the combining tube, a steam-supply pipe communicating with one end of the cored passage in 'the wall of the mixing-chamber, and a conveyer connectingi the outlet end/of the cored passage with said nozzle, substantially as Specified. l

2. hc combination of a pyramidal mixingv chamber tapered toward its inner end and having cored passages in its walls, a winged .atomizcr having its axis arranged diametrically in the mixing chamber contiguous to the inner end thcreof,a conductor arranged axially in .the mixing-chamber, a combining-tube disposed within said conveyer, an inductionchamber in communication with the outer end 0f the combining tube and connected with a fuelsupply pipe, a nozzle disposed in vthe induction-chamber and projecting into the combining tube, a-steamsupp1y pipe communicating wlth one ed of the cored passage, and

a conductor communicating with the other end of the cored passage and connected to Vthe nozzle within the induction-chamber, substantially as specified.. V

3. The combination' of a pyramidal mixingchamber tapered toward its inner end and having cored passages in its Walls, a cored deflector arranged contiguous to the inner end of the mixing-chamber, the cavity in'said defiector being in communication with the cored passages in the walls'of the chamber, a winged atomizerhaving its axis arranged diametrically in the mixing-chamber contiguous to the inner end thereof and adjacent to the defiector, a mixer arranged in communicationwith the rear end of the chamber and adapted to discharge an admixture of fuel and a combustion supporting agent against the latomizer to communicate'rotary motion thereto, and means for supplying fueland a combustion supporting vagent to the mixer;A the combustion supporting agent being conveyed through the cored passages of the mixing.-

chamber prior to its admission to the mixer,

substantially as specified.

4. The combination of a combustion-chamber provided in its Walls with a continuous super-heating passage for a combustion supporting agent, a-deflector arranged adjacent to and in front of the outlet end of the combustion-chamber and provided with a bored cavity in communication with said superheating passage, means for adjusting the ded flector angularly with relation to the eombustion-chamber, a supply-pipe for a combustion supporting agent connected with the inlet end of the continuous super-heating passage, a fuel supplypipe Vterminating withinatzle combustion chambcr,'and a pipe conne ingethe outlet end of the su perheating passage with the interior of the fuel supplypipe,7substau tially as specified.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

RANSOM lll. SARGEN".

Witnesses:

WM. W. Ihm), IsAat) W. Risnox 

